A more modern assessment tool that expands on the Five Freedoms by focusing on nutrition, environment, health, behavior, and mental state to evaluate welfare more comprehensively.
This science undermines the "just an animal" defense. If a creature can suffer, welfare demands we stop the suffering. If a creature can value its own life, rights demand we respect it. A more modern assessment tool that expands on
Minimize suffering and improve living conditions (e.g., larger cages). Abolish animal exploitation and captivity (e.g., no cages). Scientific and pragmatic. Philosophical and moral. Human Role Stewardship and responsible ownership. Ending ownership; viewing animals as autonomous. Foundational Principles of Welfare: The Five Freedoms A more modern assessment tool that expands on