In Sanskrit: duḥkhaṃ duḥkhatvāt pratiṣedhyam – suffering, because it is suffering, is to be prevented. This is a purely formal, non-egological principle. He then refutes the objection “but my suffering is mine” by noting that the body is a series of momentary aggregates ( skandha-santāna ) – no “owner” exists across moments. Therefore, the distinction between self and other is a conceptual fiction.

Below are the most reputable versions available online, ranging from academic critical editions to bilingual study guides: Vidhushekhara Bhattacharya (1960)

Avoid PDFs that are merely OCR-scanned without proofreading – they are full of errors. The GRETIL output, while not beautiful typeset, is the most among Indologists.