| Ref. | Methodology | Key Findings | |------|--------------|--------------| | [1] R. M. Mazzola et al. , ACI Materials Journal 2020 | 3‑D FE model with smeared cracking | Good prediction of crack spacing, limited on crack width | | [2] H. Liu & J. Zhang, Computers & Structures 2021 | Embedded discontinuity model (EDM) | Captured crack propagation paths, high computational cost | | [3] MIDAS Civil 2022 User Manual, 2022 | Crack Link element description | Provides activation criteria, stiffness degradation law, and CCW post‑processor | | [4] A. K. Sharma et al. , International Journal of Concrete Structures and Materials 2022 | Validation of crack link against four‑point bending tests | RMS error 0.09 mm in crack width |
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Adds construction staging, cable bridge modeling, and nonlinear analysis. Mazzola et al